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| Official name: |
Republic of Turkey - Türkiye Cumhuriyeti
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| Constitution: |
7 November 1982, amended in 1995, 1999,
2001 and 2007 |
| Electoral system: |
18 years of age, universal suffrage, separate
parliamentary and local elections (both every
5 years), 10% threshold. |
| Head of State: |
President Abdullah Gül (since 28
August 2007) |
| Prime Minister: |
Recep Tayyip Erdogan |
Minister of Foreign
Affairs: |
Ali Babacan |
Internal administrative
organisation: |
The central administration, headed by the
PM and Ministers, is represented in the territory
by 81 governors in the 81 provinces. (There
is also a super governor for the State of
Emergency region.) There are sub-governors
at district level. Though similar to the French
"prefet", the Governor is assisted
by a directly elected provincial council,
and district councils. Several ministries
have offices at provincial and district level.
(There are seven - geographical - regions
in Turkey, essentially for statistical purposes.)
An autonomous local administration exists
at the level of municipalities (16 large metropolitan
municipalities (MM) - subdivided in sectors
- and 3200 othe smaller towns) which elect
a mayor and a municipal council. Istanbul
MM has a population of 8.5 million, Ankara
over 3 million, Izmir over 2 million.
In 50,000 villages a Council of Elders and
village headman are directly elected by the
village assembly |
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PARLIAMENT (TURKISH GRAND
NATIONAL ASSEMBLY)
The Turkish Grand National Assembly (TGNA ) is a one-chamber
parliament composed of 550 deputies. Elections are based
on proportional representation subject to a national threshold
of 10%.
Elections take place every 5 years. The TGNA, as well
as the President, can decide to hold new elections before
the period of time is completed. Only if 5% of the total
number of seats are vacated (death, resignation, etc.)
an intermediary election is held.
MPs are elected by party list, drawn up by absolute discretionary
power of party leaders. Once elected, they gain access
to immunity from prosecution, unless TGNA lifts immunity.
After two years as MP, they get lifelong privileges.
The TGNA works in the form of commissions which prepare
legislation etc.
The TGNA legislates, supervises the Council of Ministers,
adopts the budget. It decides on declaring war, martial
law or emergency rule; it approves international agreements,
general or special amnesties.
The laws passed by the TGNA are promulgated by the President
within 15 days. The President may refer the law back to
the Assembly for reconsideration.
The TGNA elects the President of the Republic. |
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